RCP Tools
Complete performance results
These tables accompany the performance report. The machine-readable analysis contains the full-precision statistics, individual repetitions, commands, selection decisions, and provenance. The tables use the same selected measurements as the figures, including the latest equivalent 32-rank dcp results. The reproduction guide explains how to regenerate them.
Reading the tables
Each successful row has three repetitions. Values are mean [minimum–maximum], with times in seconds and memory in MiB (1 MiB = 1,048,576 bytes). The ranges describe the observed repetitions, not confidence intervals. Peak RSS is the mean and range of the three recorded per-run peaks, not average memory over the duration of a copy. Display rounding adds no measurement precision.
Wall time is the complete copy command's elapsed time, including startup and the launcher where applicable. CPU time is user + system time, summed within each repetition before calculating the mean and range. It can exceed wall time when multiple threads or processes run concurrently. The linked JSON retains the separate user/system measurements and statistics. The tables retain the original GNU-time accounting scope described below.
Timeout rows have one unfinished attempt. Their wall time is a lower bound, with no mean or completion time. Any CPU/RSS value on that row describes only the interrupted attempt. A dash means unavailable, never zero. Configurations excluded by the experiment's resource policy are identified below their fileset; they are not failed copies.
Resource accounting
| Measurement | Scope |
|---|---|
| Local rcp and cp/rsync recipes | GNU time -v around the command or its shell wrapper, including locally accounted children |
| dcp | GNU time around the MPI launcher; aggregate CPU and memory across ranks were not validated |
| Remote rcp | GNU time largely observes the master CLI; separate daemon measurements are shown under remote rcp roles |
| Remote rsync | Local command accounting only; receiver-host work is excluded |
These CPU and memory columns are not a whole-job resource ranking. In particular, a remote rcp master's small CPU time does not represent its data-transfer workers. Peak RSS is a process high-water mark, not simultaneous aggregate memory across a process tree, ten scripted commands, MPI ranks, or both hosts. Linux child-resource accounting keeps the largest child's RSS, rather than summing concurrent children; see the Linux resource-accounting documentation.
The local XFS results include reflinking for rcp and cp; ZFS includes filesystem-assisted copying. The report's ZFS cache caveat also applies to these tables. Neither apparent bytes divided by wall time nor the GNU-time I/O counters measures physical storage throughput for these comparisons.
The selected data contains 234 successful configurations (702 copies) and 2 timed-out attempts.
Local Lustre
Local Lustre: 1 GB files
1,000 regular files; 1,000,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 230.589 [215.286–258.930] | 1,996.853 [897.170–4,195.830] | 7.2 [4.5–8.6] |
| rcp 8 | 318.901 [294.795–356.031] | 729.113 [714.640–757.250] | 4.9 [4.5–5.8] |
| rcp 32 | 208.985 [206.555–211.696] | 896.513 [827.490–1,024.400] | 4.5 [4.5–4.5] |
| rcp 128 | 213.133 [212.081–214.329] | 1,000.880 [935.240–1,108.510] | 6.6 [4.5–8.6] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 317.042 [293.989–341.173] | 947.900 [902.250–1,037.210] | 22.0 [21.8–22.2] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 217.206 [215.075–221.159] | 1,575.033 [1,559.300–1,588.610] | 22.8 [22.6–22.8] |
| cp | 1,972.209 [1,803.781–2,294.736] | 570.107 [561.780–585.710] | 2.1 [1.6–2.3] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 274.420 [254.140–298.299] | 735.627 [723.350–745.460] | 2.6 [2.4–3.1] |
| rsync | 1,830.581 [1,775.095–1,936.409] | 967.937 [967.130–968.740] | 7.7 [7.6–7.8] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 271.627 [261.218–282.510] | 1,203.603 [1,194.190–1,211.830] | 7.7 [7.7–7.8] |
Excluded by the experiment’s resource policy: dcp · 128 ranks.
Local Lustre: 100 MB files
10,240 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 276.820 [208.218–413.921] | 5,717.297 [966.930–15,192.490] | 5.8 [4.5–8.3] |
| rcp 8 | 269.700 [267.714–272.974] | 914.197 [845.690–1,023.030] | 5.2 [4.5–6.5] |
| rcp 32 | 217.873 [208.050–237.501] | 1,377.413 [934.210–2,259.020] | 4.4 [3.0–6.5] |
| rcp 128 | 281.603 [208.375–428.052] | 3,157.080 [987.710–7,491.290] | 7.0 [6.5–7.8] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 317.632 [313.653–321.967] | 864.840 [816.640–896.640] | 23.2 [23.0–23.5] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 218.431 [217.041–220.516] | 1,285.257 [1,237.990–1,367.590] | 23.2 [22.8–23.8] |
| cp | 1,916.206 [1,913.608–1,917.629] | 688.220 [686.080–691.910] | 2.3 [2.3–2.3] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 235.125 [232.740–238.438] | 919.420 [856.000–1,033.630] | 3.1 [3.0–3.1] |
| rsync | 1,808.729 [1,807.929–1,809.423] | 1,115.287 [1,110.370–1,121.860] | 7.0 [6.9–7.1] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 223.433 [223.107–223.988] | 1,389.487 [1,372.260–1,408.800] | 7.7 [7.7–7.8] |
Excluded by the experiment’s resource policy: dcp · 128 ranks.
Local Lustre: 1 MB files
1,024,000 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 519.931 [490.394–547.012] | 22,661.393 [16,999.920–30,665.840] | 95.0 [93.9–97.3] |
| rcp 8 | 1,399.677 [1,387.905–1,406.245] | 1,880.787 [1,833.100–1,960.610] | 97.2 [91.9–105.0] |
| rcp 32 | 373.732 [368.605–380.937] | 2,005.110 [1,818.550–2,229.570] | 97.6 [94.7–102.5] |
| rcp 128 | 530.742 [489.264–605.250] | 26,673.193 [18,262.790–38,419.860] | 98.4 [94.9–101.5] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 6,844.171 [6,786.246–6,910.275] | 2,005.657 [1,955.630–2,057.910] | 145.1 [139.6–149.7] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 5,966.359 [5,916.600–6,033.282] | 7,957.463 [7,740.880–8,302.770] | 48.7 [48.3–49.5] |
| cp | 12,126.513 [11,858.311–12,335.420] | 1,207.937 [1,121.200–1,260.740] | 2.1 [1.6–2.4] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 1,317.248 [1,269.359–1,348.755] | 1,558.613 [1,455.060–1,728.970] | 2.8 [2.4–3.1] |
| rsync | 6,894.595 [6,844.190–6,926.504] | 1,579.637 [1,501.700–1,677.970] | 6.2 [5.4–7.0] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 747.606 [733.236–765.032] | 1,902.663 [1,858.750–1,982.640] | 6.8 [6.3–7.0] |
Excluded by the experiment’s resource policy: dcp · 128 ranks.
Local Lustre: 1 kB files
10,240,000 regular files; 10,240,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 1,728.462 [1,715.008–1,740.850] | 8,868.163 [8,714.610–9,031.810] | 1,075.4 [1,074.3–1,077.5] |
| rcp 8 | 6,949.926 [6,602.271–7,410.765] | 6,509.690 [6,320.150–6,624.240] | 1,065.9 [1,059.3–1,071.6] |
| rcp 32 | 2,170.457 [2,094.637–2,244.343] | 7,077.980 [6,803.870–7,555.100] | 1,069.3 [1,066.5–1,070.9] |
| rcp 128 | 1,752.414 [1,701.733–1,847.515] | 8,843.427 [8,348.170–9,211.780] | 1,069.7 [1,064.2–1,074.6] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 20,184.329 [19,931.277–20,403.162] | 6,167.953 [5,716.590–6,714.150] | 1,479.5 [1,472.3–1,485.9] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 13,987.649 [13,901.795–14,071.339] | 13,645.200 [8,713.960–22,952.020] | 379.1 [362.8–411.2] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 7,730.611 [7,555.352–7,850.257] | 3,582.850 [3,486.830–3,706.200] | 2.9 [2.3–3.1] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 6,209.807 [6,111.114–6,296.886] | 4,564.457 [4,453.050–4,735.580] | 7.5 [7.0–7.8] |
Excluded by the experiment’s resource policy: cp, dcp · 128 ranks, rsync.
Local Weka
Local Weka: 1 GB files
1,000 regular files; 1,000,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 263.638 [261.919–265.139] | 512.147 [505.380–525.430] | 4.5 [4.5–4.5] |
| rcp 8 | 254.274 [253.058–256.492] | 501.153 [493.070–509.220] | 4.0 [3.0–4.5] |
| rcp 32 | 235.303 [230.648–240.555] | 511.423 [497.260–518.710] | 4.5 [4.5–4.5] |
| rcp 128 | 271.078 [267.520–278.132] | 579.743 [573.560–582.920] | 4.8 [4.5–5.2] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 324.867 [317.306–330.886] | 680.093 [660.480–709.430] | 21.6 [21.2–22.1] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 274.983 [272.129–280.094] | 1,145.687 [1,026.380–1,263.010] | 22.5 [21.5–23.0] |
| cp | 1,257.417 [1,247.522–1,268.354] | 405.860 [404.050–409.230] | 2.3 [2.3–2.4] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 307.526 [305.929–309.185] | 454.223 [452.610–456.480] | 2.8 [2.4–3.1] |
| rsync | 2,381.631 [2,362.795–2,410.642] | 957.987 [950.520–962.740] | 6.9 [6.9–6.9] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 368.881 [352.397–380.563] | 1,004.817 [1,000.310–1,009.430] | 7.8 [7.7–7.8] |
Excluded by the experiment’s resource policy: dcp · 128 ranks.
Local Weka: 100 MB files
10,240 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 254.777 [254.089–255.135] | 553.390 [524.610–608.130] | 4.2 [3.8–4.5] |
| rcp 8 | 248.418 [247.167–250.266] | 531.597 [494.580–578.760] | 3.8 [3.0–4.5] |
| rcp 32 | 254.367 [250.912–260.013] | 555.050 [523.160–596.430] | 4.2 [3.8–4.5] |
| rcp 128 | 260.855 [259.293–262.518] | 611.670 [557.430–658.470] | 5.2 [4.5–6.5] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 493.905 [477.249–506.438] | 702.533 [648.690–769.680] | 23.2 [22.8–23.8] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 277.223 [274.408–280.299] | 921.683 [862.350–1,001.840] | 22.3 [22.2–22.4] |
| cp | 1,860.506 [1,837.042–1,891.939] | 434.223 [400.680–461.740] | 2.1 [1.5–2.3] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 362.381 [354.690–369.033] | 533.547 [493.790–565.620] | 2.8 [2.4–3.1] |
| rsync | 3,022.208 [2,984.748–3,049.000] | 1,086.497 [994.860–1,198.390] | 7.2 [6.8–7.7] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 532.835 [501.375–555.683] | 1,202.657 [1,088.030–1,365.390] | 7.8 [7.7–7.8] |
Excluded by the experiment’s resource policy: dcp · 128 ranks.
Local Weka: 1 MB files
1,024,000 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 364.740 [355.560–382.036] | 882.647 [781.110–991.930] | 94.5 [91.2–96.4] |
| rcp 8 | 606.819 [594.615–615.689] | 795.073 [682.090–927.980] | 95.3 [93.0–99.3] |
| rcp 32 | 392.501 [384.742–406.777] | 851.843 [685.290–1,013.970] | 94.0 [92.9–96.0] |
| rcp 128 | 353.233 [346.623–363.386] | 861.080 [712.300–969.830] | 96.9 [96.0–97.7] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 14,562.347 [14,342.111–14,944.477] | 1,903.323 [1,827.300–2,039.680] | 197.3 [192.4–201.8] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 3,848.908 [3,674.780–4,114.977] | 6,005.310 [3,488.650–10,360.630] | 79.0 [72.6–84.4] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 11,549.864 [11,229.913–11,862.436] | 552.113 [512.310–597.480] | 2.9 [2.4–3.1] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 11,369.718 [11,310.134–11,424.719] | 1,262.747 [1,229.450–1,301.730] | 8.0 [7.7–8.6] |
Excluded by the experiment’s resource policy: cp, dcp · 128 ranks, rsync.
Local Weka: 1 kB files
10,240,000 regular files; 10,240,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 523.630 [422.064–686.012] | 5,174.450 [4,502.880–6,005.030] | 1,070.2 [1,069.1–1,072.4] |
| rcp 8 | 3,775.590 [3,687.821–3,854.170] | 1,849.383 [1,770.980–1,922.130] | 1,065.4 [1,060.4–1,070.4] |
| rcp 32 | 906.532 [831.685–954.399] | 1,790.800 [1,714.460–1,850.030] | 1,066.3 [1,064.6–1,068.2] |
| rcp 128 | 584.926 [541.599–622.196] | 30,368.543 [27,953.530–32,113.790] | 1,078.9 [1,076.8–1,080.5] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 7,611.065 [7,067.740–8,102.516] | 2,596.677 [2,377.330–2,877.570] | 1,601.9 [1,588.1–1,609.0] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 1,994.002 [1,961.609–2,055.148] | 6,043.167 [5,004.820–7,106.390] | 422.2 [418.2–425.9] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 3,527.927 [3,519.690–3,535.598] | 634.143 [612.620–670.880] | 2.8 [2.4–3.1] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 5,697.453 [5,209.249–6,343.659] | 1,303.950 [1,253.490–1,366.760] | 7.7 [7.7–7.8] |
Excluded by the experiment’s resource policy: cp, dcp · 128 ranks, rsync.
Local NFS
Local NFS: 1 GB files
1,000 regular files; 1,000,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 1,019.296 [1,001.558–1,031.289] | 212.337 [209.270–214.410] | 9.5 [7.3–11.7] |
| rcp 8 | 1,018.585 [929.540–1,066.514] | 202.980 [200.830–206.670] | 8.7 [7.3–9.6] |
| rcp 32 | 1,117.314 [977.916–1,282.427] | 208.147 [202.070–215.780] | 9.9 [9.2–11.0] |
| rcp 128 | 1,072.172 [1,057.515–1,081.471] | 209.160 [207.020–212.670] | 13.6 [10.7–16.3] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 940.252 [900.737–969.472] | 0.037 [0.030–0.040] | 8.3 [8.1–8.6] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 973.904 [912.324–1,043.494] | 0.033 [0.030–0.040] | 8.8 [8.5–9.0] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 1,067.676 [986.712–1,178.711] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 10.0 [9.9–10.0] |
| cp | 2,021.566 [2,014.565–2,030.917] | 176.950 [176.240–177.370] | 3.8 [3.7–3.8] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 1,023.647 [946.453–1,090.928] | 203.313 [201.320–205.800] | 4.3 [4.2–4.3] |
| rsync | 1,621.746 [1,606.403–1,635.417] | 551.017 [549.060–553.190] | 9.2 [9.0–9.3] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 1,035.371 [1,016.832–1,067.622] | 574.203 [573.960–574.600] | 8.5 [7.4–9.1] |
Local NFS: 100 MB files
10,240 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 811.021 [778.515–859.222] | 226.233 [225.170–227.460] | 9.5 [9.3–9.6] |
| rcp 8 | 849.022 [804.509–923.686] | 213.120 [211.120–214.380] | 8.7 [7.7–9.7] |
| rcp 32 | 843.904 [778.164–893.844] | 223.577 [221.590–225.780] | 8.8 [8.1–9.3] |
| rcp 128 | 880.053 [728.171–1,004.556] | 232.017 [230.020–233.500] | 10.6 [9.2–13.4] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 991.832 [868.425–1,232.096] | 0.040 [0.040–0.040] | 8.5 [8.2–8.8] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 935.166 [882.148–963.613] | 0.040 [0.040–0.040] | 8.8 [8.5–9.1] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 1,066.402 [1,018.628–1,109.490] | 0.037 [0.030–0.040] | 9.8 [9.7–10.0] |
| cp | 2,334.877 [2,290.417–2,380.165] | 180.947 [180.800–181.240] | 3.8 [3.8–3.8] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 875.151 [850.502–892.527] | 211.383 [210.750–212.070] | 4.2 [4.2–4.3] |
| rsync | 1,603.737 [1,590.241–1,618.359] | 561.733 [560.940–562.770] | 8.7 [7.8–9.3] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 867.180 [837.927–885.045] | 599.817 [599.640–599.980] | 9.1 [8.9–9.2] |
Local NFS: 1 MB files
1,024,000 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 910.920 [897.254–926.695] | 496.607 [495.330–497.330] | 129.1 [120.5–138.1] |
| rcp 8 | 1,744.435 [1,662.226–1,787.044] | 469.493 [466.530–474.000] | 135.7 [123.6–144.2] |
| rcp 32 | 915.210 [898.251–924.445] | 494.260 [492.220–497.000] | 130.7 [124.6–138.4] |
| rcp 128 | 812.742 [678.828–918.728] | 537.693 [531.300–541.900] | 127.1 [125.7–129.7] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 2,339.591 [2,255.772–2,436.685] | 0.047 [0.040–0.050] | 8.3 [8.1–8.5] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 1,201.788 [1,144.470–1,245.272] | 0.040 [0.040–0.040] | 8.8 [8.6–9.1] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 1,000.566 [903.933–1,053.490] | 0.037 [0.030–0.040] | 10.0 [9.8–10.0] |
| cp | 12,125.508 [11,653.004–12,440.717] | 267.533 [267.310–267.820] | 3.6 [3.6–3.8] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 1,900.438 [1,871.100–1,952.125] | 296.057 [287.540–301.140] | 4.4 [4.2–4.7] |
| rsync | 11,705.585 [11,664.832–11,728.753] | 716.380 [714.580–718.120] | 8.9 [8.0–9.3] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 2,081.838 [2,063.178–2,099.079] | 833.257 [832.690–834.150] | 8.9 [8.8–8.9] |
Local NFS: 1 kB files
10,240,000 regular files; 10,240,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 3,176.639 [3,165.773–3,187.087] | 2,367.693 [2,340.940–2,389.570] | 1,121.0 [1,113.8–1,129.6] |
| rcp 8 | 8,245.858 [8,225.941–8,256.394] | 2,325.323 [2,298.370–2,361.730] | 1,127.4 [1,121.9–1,134.5] |
| rcp 32 | 3,180.708 [3,170.499–3,187.176] | 2,399.953 [2,372.390–2,427.100] | 1,115.5 [1,095.3–1,128.0] |
| rcp 128 | 1,376.780 [1,370.639–1,383.737] | 3,233.540 [3,188.160–3,290.970] | 1,100.0 [1,097.0–1,105.4] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 13,191.460 [13,077.931–13,373.404] | 0.123 [0.120–0.130] | 8.7 [8.5–8.9] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 5,189.635 [5,133.009–5,280.141] | 0.067 [0.060–0.070] | 8.4 [8.2–8.5] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 2,314.339 [2,303.326–2,325.738] | 0.050 [0.050–0.050] | 9.9 [9.7–10.0] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 9,254.023 [9,240.932–9,275.772] | 839.193 [837.670–840.460] | 4.2 [3.5–4.6] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 12,692.928 [12,686.240–12,705.208] | 1,303.770 [1,299.310–1,308.780] | 9.1 [8.9–9.3] |
| cp | Timed out ≥43,200 s | 481.330 | 3.0 |
| rsync | Timed out ≥43,200 s | — | — |
Local XFS
Local XFS: 1 GB files
1,000 regular files; 1,000,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 0.184 [0.178–0.190] | 0.213 [0.200–0.220] | 9.5 [8.0–12.2] |
| rcp 8 | 0.162 [0.161–0.164] | 0.147 [0.140–0.150] | 9.9 [9.8–9.9] |
| rcp 32 | 0.189 [0.183–0.196] | 0.210 [0.200–0.220] | 7.9 [7.5–8.3] |
| rcp 128 | 0.201 [0.198–0.206] | 0.247 [0.220–0.270] | 9.8 [8.9–11.4] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 312.630 [290.424–343.928] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 8.5 [8.3–8.9] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 302.162 [287.506–316.878] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 8.6 [8.3–9.0] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 314.380 [304.128–323.011] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 10.0 [10.0–10.0] |
| cp | 0.071 [0.069–0.072] | 0.010 [0.010–0.010] | 3.6 [3.5–3.7] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 0.053 [0.051–0.057] | 0.043 [0.040–0.050] | 4.2 [4.2–4.3] |
| rsync | 679.865 [664.691–693.466] | 536.960 [536.360–537.570] | 8.0 [7.9–8.0] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 304.055 [296.920–308.768] | 617.660 [611.870–624.340] | 7.6 [7.5–7.8] |
Local XFS: 100 MB files
10,240 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 0.372 [0.360–0.383] | 1.887 [1.780–2.050] | 8.2 [8.0–8.3] |
| rcp 8 | 0.327 [0.323–0.330] | 1.500 [1.480–1.510] | 9.3 [8.8–10.2] |
| rcp 32 | 0.367 [0.362–0.371] | 2.117 [1.900–2.300] | 8.8 [7.8–10.4] |
| rcp 128 | 0.382 [0.370–0.392] | 2.187 [2.050–2.330] | 12.7 [10.6–15.3] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 353.083 [307.408–377.672] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 8.6 [8.4–8.9] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 346.086 [301.637–373.282] | 0.033 [0.030–0.040] | 8.7 [8.5–9.1] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 370.523 [364.500–379.735] | 0.033 [0.030–0.040] | 10.0 [9.9–10.0] |
| cp | 0.276 [0.271–0.281] | 0.183 [0.180–0.190] | 3.8 [3.7–3.8] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 0.082 [0.082–0.083] | 0.293 [0.290–0.300] | 4.1 [4.1–4.3] |
| rsync | 731.890 [721.074–748.742] | 547.830 [546.900–548.800] | 8.3 [8.1–8.8] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 336.802 [307.905–377.982] | 631.950 [629.990–633.690] | 7.7 [7.6–7.7] |
Local XFS: 1 MB files
1,024,000 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 22.001 [21.757–22.189] | 229.693 [225.680–232.390] | 87.2 [82.9–92.7] |
| rcp 8 | 20.400 [20.311–20.519] | 211.110 [210.600–211.980] | 85.9 [85.3–87.2] |
| rcp 32 | 22.274 [22.001–22.613] | 231.873 [227.000–234.780] | 87.2 [86.0–88.0] |
| rcp 128 | 22.728 [22.321–23.260] | 211.510 [208.520–213.230] | 90.0 [87.8–91.5] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 399.157 [319.216–444.410] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 8.6 [8.3–9.0] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 381.995 [312.144–421.868] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 8.8 [8.7–8.8] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 422.296 [344.450–474.990] | 0.033 [0.030–0.040] | 9.8 [9.4–10.0] |
| cp | 25.018 [24.914–25.126] | 20.533 [20.480–20.590] | 3.8 [3.8–3.8] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 3.978 [3.894–4.046] | 28.647 [28.430–28.780] | 4.0 [3.9–4.2] |
| rsync | 903.388 [857.151–937.391] | 616.483 [614.980–617.800] | 8.3 [7.9–8.8] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 464.392 [437.389–487.265] | 701.873 [697.290–706.350] | 8.3 [8.1–8.4] |
Local XFS: 1 kB files
10,240,000 regular files; 10,240,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 227.009 [225.217–228.614] | 2,520.087 [2,483.660–2,543.840] | 747.7 [743.2–752.0] |
| rcp 8 | 215.828 [211.952–222.197] | 2,206.573 [2,154.110–2,284.850] | 741.7 [740.2–743.7] |
| rcp 32 | 226.172 [225.049–227.945] | 2,531.900 [2,527.060–2,537.430] | 745.2 [743.7–746.3] |
| rcp 128 | 230.682 [230.006–232.030] | 2,309.193 [2,265.370–2,352.230] | 750.6 [747.4–756.5] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 194.737 [193.113–197.502] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 8.2 [8.0–8.3] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 84.537 [84.143–85.299] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 8.5 [8.4–8.5] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 229.174 [195.806–249.977] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 9.7 [9.7–9.8] |
| cp | 264.881 [264.228–265.527] | 216.303 [216.010–216.800] | 3.1 [2.9–3.2] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 39.842 [39.234–40.372] | 294.203 [293.000–294.880] | 3.6 [3.5–3.7] |
| rsync | 548.709 [546.574–550.057] | 299.773 [299.170–300.150] | 8.4 [8.2–8.5] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 80.636 [80.365–80.851] | 340.947 [340.240–341.340] | 8.0 [7.9–8.1] |
Local ZFS
Local ZFS: 1 GB files
1,000 regular files; 1,000,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 0.860 [0.822–0.880] | 41.117 [40.560–41.530] | 7.5 [7.2–8.1] |
| rcp 8 | 3.097 [3.086–3.115] | 24.040 [23.910–24.200] | 7.4 [7.3–7.6] |
| rcp 32 | 15.961 [15.928–16.017] | 40.110 [39.990–40.300] | 7.2 [7.2–7.3] |
| rcp 128 | 10.898 [10.733–11.049] | 38.087 [38.020–38.140] | 7.1 [6.9–7.3] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 838.332 [818.025–874.747] | 670.103 [662.840–683.270] | 26.1 [25.8–26.3] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 728.596 [708.007–751.780] | 880.537 [865.420–892.310] | 27.0 [26.9–27.3] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 703.728 [689.238–715.843] | 4,378.170 [4,272.000–4,432.720] | 30.3 [30.0–30.6] |
| cp | 24.312 [24.181–24.413] | 24.077 [23.940–24.180] | 3.1 [3.1–3.2] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 3.760 [3.691–3.795] | 35.400 [34.790–35.950] | 3.6 [3.6–3.7] |
| rsync | 1,328.397 [1,318.525–1,339.653] | 882.643 [878.900–886.660] | 7.9 [7.7–8.2] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 802.343 [793.973–811.884] | 1,158.213 [1,149.680–1,174.270] | 8.3 [8.3–8.4] |
Local ZFS: 100 MB files
10,240 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 1.116 [1.068–1.163] | 48.740 [47.390–50.220] | 7.5 [7.4–7.8] |
| rcp 8 | 3.818 [3.005–4.248] | 25.160 [23.130–26.270] | 7.2 [6.9–7.5] |
| rcp 32 | 3.666 [1.733–7.527] | 54.697 [53.420–56.880] | 7.5 [7.3–7.9] |
| rcp 128 | 2.994 [1.513–5.925] | 78.080 [74.580–83.350] | 7.7 [7.3–8.3] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 818.460 [789.811–849.632] | 664.780 [660.760–667.000] | 27.5 [27.1–28.0] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 758.931 [728.747–785.077] | 742.807 [732.690–755.030] | 27.7 [27.5–27.9] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 731.846 [688.510–766.734] | 1,013.570 [997.380–1,040.060] | 30.8 [30.4–31.4] |
| cp | 25.074 [24.736–25.396] | 24.783 [24.450–25.100] | 3.1 [3.1–3.2] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 4.182 [3.592–4.598] | 35.310 [34.960–35.660] | 3.6 [3.6–3.7] |
| rsync | 1,330.110 [1,312.997–1,356.380] | 886.623 [882.810–889.780] | 8.1 [7.8–8.3] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 810.004 [806.389–813.949] | 1,198.227 [1,180.910–1,208.050] | 8.3 [8.3–8.3] |
Local ZFS: 1 MB files
1,024,000 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 65.899 [65.643–66.156] | 1,005.733 [996.120–1,013.610] | 112.7 [110.8–113.7] |
| rcp 8 | 63.730 [63.050–64.125] | 312.053 [310.630–313.970] | 109.8 [109.0–110.6] |
| rcp 32 | 63.359 [62.477–64.392] | 576.850 [532.420–599.620] | 112.5 [111.8–113.4] |
| rcp 128 | 64.645 [64.359–65.147] | 676.757 [659.010–702.230] | 114.9 [114.2–115.4] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 821.228 [814.711–827.773] | 626.167 [621.630–634.420] | 148.7 [145.6–152.7] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 731.086 [726.488–735.861] | 843.293 [837.950–852.400] | 61.8 [60.3–63.4] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 705.118 [702.293–707.706] | 1,484.707 [1,455.910–1,511.850] | 45.3 [44.6–46.5] |
| cp | 102.037 [101.670–102.313] | 101.093 [100.770–101.320] | 3.1 [3.1–3.1] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 57.660 [56.795–58.340] | 131.030 [130.730–131.270] | 3.6 [3.6–3.7] |
| rsync | 3,654.859 [3,653.134–3,657.437] | 979.253 [977.960–980.040] | 8.6 [7.8–9.2] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 688.304 [685.614–689.897] | 1,369.047 [1,367.980–1,370.400] | 9.0 [8.7–9.3] |
Local ZFS: 1 kB files
10,240,000 regular files; 10,240,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 303.003 [294.886–311.095] | 15,089.887 [14,646.160–15,522.690] | 1,092.9 [1,089.6–1,094.8] |
| rcp 8 | 204.917 [203.438–206.627] | 2,490.140 [2,474.640–2,511.960] | 1,083.4 [1,082.9–1,084.1] |
| rcp 32 | 268.094 [262.228–273.643] | 8,953.140 [8,768.870–9,130.350] | 1,096.5 [1,090.9–1,100.2] |
| rcp 128 | 293.569 [287.592–297.251] | 15,369.130 [15,008.650–15,568.170] | 1,089.6 [1,086.2–1,092.8] |
| dcp · 8 ranks | 137.239 [135.924–139.209] | 1,061.583 [1,051.060–1,082.220] | 1,298.2 [1,295.0–1,303.3] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 86.816 [84.554–90.898] | 2,357.980 [2,270.480–2,517.780] | 415.6 [370.2–503.0] |
| dcp · 128 ranks | 142.779 [141.554–144.637] | 6,940.043 [6,871.110–7,049.350] | 194.2 [188.7–199.0] |
| cp | 394.103 [391.610–398.725] | 391.320 [388.830–395.910] | 3.1 [3.1–3.2] |
| cp · scripted ×10 | 65.272 [61.971–66.937] | 596.740 [586.990–602.290] | 3.6 [3.6–3.6] |
| rsync | 6,114.039 [6,113.069–6,115.346] | 700.360 [696.510–707.990] | 9.0 [8.3–9.9] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 83.083 [82.005–85.108] | 972.513 [967.640–981.890] | 8.3 [8.3–8.4] |
Remote XFS
Remote CPU/RSS values below cover the timed local command only. See resource accounting and remote rcp roles.
Remote XFS: 1 GB files
1,000 regular files; 1,000,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 255.370 [255.260–255.538] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.1 [9.1–9.2] |
| rcp 8 | 279.452 [256.892–322.639] | 0.073 [0.070–0.080] | 9.7 [9.1–10.6] |
| rcp 32 | 255.452 [255.222–255.618] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.1 [9.1–9.1] |
| rcp 128 | 253.992 [253.933–254.027] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.1 [9.0–9.1] |
| rsync | 1,789.548 [1,779.364–1,795.063] | 2,505.803 [2,458.030–2,534.020] | 16.2 [16.0–16.3] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 258.607 [257.771–259.454] | 2,522.497 [2,518.860–2,526.140] | 16.2 [16.0–16.5] |
Remote XFS: 100 MB files
10,240 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 261.856 [261.617–262.137] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.7 [9.2–10.8] |
| rcp 8 | 307.215 [265.067–351.509] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.2 [9.2–9.2] |
| rcp 32 | 262.094 [261.981–262.293] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.1 [9.1–9.1] |
| rcp 128 | 261.117 [260.770–261.310] | 0.067 [0.060–0.070] | 9.1 [9.1–9.2] |
| rsync | 1,832.147 [1,828.224–1,835.676] | 2,517.140 [2,506.940–2,527.020] | 16.1 [16.0–16.2] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 264.740 [263.563–265.401] | 2,585.370 [2,582.920–2,587.520] | 16.3 [16.3–16.3] |
Remote XFS: 1 MB files
1,024,000 regular files; 1,024,000,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 281.060 [276.764–283.637] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.1 [8.9–9.2] |
| rcp 8 | 420.085 [419.626–420.949] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.1 [9.0–9.2] |
| rcp 32 | 277.155 [275.058–278.817] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.2 [9.1–9.2] |
| rcp 128 | 286.770 [284.718–289.747] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.2 [9.2–9.3] |
| rsync | 1,937.598 [1,932.124–1,946.815] | 2,547.397 [2,529.230–2,558.490] | 14.2 [13.9–14.7] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 277.290 [270.479–284.038] | 2,603.163 [2,598.740–2,610.540] | 14.3 [14.2–14.5] |
Remote XFS: 1 kB files
10,240,000 regular files; 10,240,000,000 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 349.452 [333.927–360.982] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.6 [9.1–10.5] |
| rcp 8 | 291.637 [282.064–299.085] | 0.067 [0.060–0.070] | 9.1 [9.1–9.1] |
| rcp 32 | 361.446 [352.726–366.157] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.1 [9.1–9.1] |
| rcp 128 | 381.416 [373.004–392.303] | 0.067 [0.060–0.070] | 9.2 [9.2–9.2] |
| rsync | 527.710 [527.313–528.275] | 108.040 [107.760–108.370] | 10.6 [10.6–10.7] |
| rsync · scripted ×10 | 73.788 [73.550–73.921] | 111.047 [110.840–111.200] | 10.6 [10.6–10.7] |
Linux source
Remote CPU/RSS values below cover the timed local command only. See resource accounting and remote rcp roles.
Linux source: Local XFS
94,775 regular files; 1,616,711,010 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 2.484 [2.461–2.518] | 26.607 [26.250–27.050] | 160.1 [156.8–162.7] |
| dcp · 32 ranks | 3.144 [3.023–3.288] | 0.030 [0.030–0.030] | 8.5 [8.4–8.7] |
| cp | 2.497 [2.492–2.504] | 1.847 [1.840–1.850] | 3.0 [2.9–3.0] |
| rsync | 6.251 [6.242–6.267] | 3.913 [3.910–3.920] | 11.3 [11.1–11.6] |
Linux source: Remote XFS
94,775 regular files; 1,616,711,010 apparent bytes. Original measurements.
| Recipe | Wall time (s) | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | 5.945 [5.819–6.049] | 0.070 [0.070–0.070] | 9.9 [9.1–10.6] |
| rsync | 8.749 [8.655–8.816] | 4.940 [4.910–5.000] | 13.8 [12.9–15.4] |
Additional timing measurements
These supplemental tables use means in seconds over the same three successful repetitions. Copy + sync + validation is measured from copy start through destination sync and count/size validation, including harness overhead. It is not the command wall time used in the figures. The narrower timings were recorded only for Lustre and Weka; a dash means unavailable. The phase times need not sum exactly because harness overhead falls between phases. Minima, medians, maxima, and individual values remain in the JSON. Unfinished attempts are excluded.
Local Lustre timing breakdown
| Fileset / scope | Recipe | Copy + sync + validation (s) | Copy through sync (s) | Sync only (s) | Validation (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 GB | rcp auto | 232.330 | 231.997 | 1.408 | 0.252 |
| 1 GB | rcp 8 | 321.214 | 320.008 | 1.107 | 1.177 |
| 1 GB | rcp 32 | 210.637 | 210.210 | 1.225 | 0.371 |
| 1 GB | rcp 128 | 214.865 | 214.564 | 1.431 | 0.218 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 8 ranks | 318.023 | 317.890 | 0.848 | 0.110 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 32 ranks | 218.184 | 218.068 | 0.861 | 0.094 |
| 1 GB | cp | 1,974.069 | 1,973.314 | 1.105 | 0.693 |
| 1 GB | cp · scripted ×10 | 277.043 | 275.476 | 1.056 | 1.523 |
| 1 GB | rsync | 1,832.544 | 1,831.607 | 1.026 | 0.852 |
| 1 GB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 274.132 | 272.501 | 0.874 | 1.603 |
| 100 MB | rcp auto | 279.231 | 278.153 | 1.333 | 0.982 |
| 100 MB | rcp 8 | 272.270 | 271.240 | 1.540 | 0.926 |
| 100 MB | rcp 32 | 220.334 | 219.284 | 1.411 | 0.948 |
| 100 MB | rcp 128 | 283.968 | 282.918 | 1.315 | 0.990 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 319.301 | 318.447 | 0.814 | 0.831 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 220.927 | 219.320 | 0.889 | 1.583 |
| 100 MB | cp | 1,917.966 | 1,917.197 | 0.991 | 0.731 |
| 100 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 237.115 | 236.087 | 0.962 | 0.974 |
| 100 MB | rsync | 1,810.307 | 1,809.574 | 0.845 | 0.712 |
| 100 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 224.946 | 224.388 | 0.955 | 0.492 |
| 1 MB | rcp auto | 617.599 | 522.937 | 3.006 | 94.559 |
| 1 MB | rcp 8 | 1,480.056 | 1,402.531 | 2.854 | 77.468 |
| 1 MB | rcp 32 | 465.182 | 376.777 | 3.045 | 88.288 |
| 1 MB | rcp 128 | 619.575 | 533.574 | 2.832 | 85.951 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 6,927.540 | 6,845.189 | 1.018 | 82.316 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 6,046.504 | 5,967.239 | 0.879 | 79.244 |
| 1 MB | cp | 12,204.456 | 12,127.977 | 1.464 | 76.397 |
| 1 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 1,400.068 | 1,319.874 | 2.626 | 80.130 |
| 1 MB | rsync | 6,967.445 | 6,896.738 | 2.143 | 70.619 |
| 1 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 835.540 | 750.313 | 2.707 | 85.161 |
| 1 kB | rcp auto | 2,418.960 | 1,729.701 | 1.239 | 689.208 |
| 1 kB | rcp 8 | 7,638.197 | 6,951.179 | 1.253 | 686.916 |
| 1 kB | rcp 32 | 2,853.444 | 2,171.636 | 1.179 | 681.737 |
| 1 kB | rcp 128 | 2,400.861 | 1,753.611 | 1.196 | 647.189 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 8 ranks | 20,932.453 | 20,185.171 | 0.842 | 747.243 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 32 ranks | 14,795.663 | 13,988.591 | 0.942 | 807.002 |
| 1 kB | cp · scripted ×10 | 8,443.605 | 7,731.348 | 0.737 | 712.231 |
| 1 kB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 6,862.024 | 6,210.541 | 0.734 | 651.427 |
Local Weka timing breakdown
| Fileset / scope | Recipe | Copy + sync + validation (s) | Copy through sync (s) | Sync only (s) | Validation (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 GB | rcp auto | 280.937 | 280.780 | 17.143 | 0.130 |
| 1 GB | rcp 8 | 271.578 | 271.441 | 17.168 | 0.113 |
| 1 GB | rcp 32 | 250.909 | 250.740 | 15.437 | 0.130 |
| 1 GB | rcp 128 | 290.247 | 290.105 | 19.027 | 0.119 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 8 ranks | 325.138 | 325.097 | 0.231 | 0.015 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 32 ranks | 275.286 | 275.248 | 0.265 | 0.016 |
| 1 GB | cp | 1,257.868 | 1,257.698 | 0.282 | 0.147 |
| 1 GB | cp · scripted ×10 | 307.905 | 307.759 | 0.233 | 0.123 |
| 1 GB | rsync | 2,381.993 | 2,381.917 | 0.286 | 0.050 |
| 1 GB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 369.177 | 369.136 | 0.256 | 0.018 |
| 100 MB | rcp auto | 269.503 | 268.249 | 13.472 | 1.231 |
| 100 MB | rcp 8 | 264.651 | 263.296 | 14.877 | 1.327 |
| 100 MB | rcp 32 | 268.249 | 267.066 | 12.699 | 1.157 |
| 100 MB | rcp 128 | 276.678 | 275.499 | 14.644 | 1.152 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 494.467 | 494.162 | 0.256 | 0.283 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 277.601 | 277.491 | 0.268 | 0.087 |
| 100 MB | cp | 1,862.174 | 1,860.786 | 0.280 | 1.363 |
| 100 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 364.625 | 362.720 | 0.339 | 1.876 |
| 100 MB | rsync | 3,022.640 | 3,022.520 | 0.312 | 0.094 |
| 100 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 533.288 | 533.152 | 0.317 | 0.103 |
| 1 MB | rcp auto | 398.077 | 365.926 | 1.187 | 32.120 |
| 1 MB | rcp 8 | 648.957 | 607.441 | 0.622 | 41.464 |
| 1 MB | rcp 32 | 424.476 | 393.046 | 0.545 | 31.395 |
| 1 MB | rcp 128 | 436.845 | 354.024 | 0.791 | 82.784 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 14,572.629 | 14,562.668 | 0.320 | 9.935 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 3,862.735 | 3,849.219 | 0.312 | 13.479 |
| 1 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 11,587.693 | 11,550.184 | 0.320 | 37.466 |
| 1 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 11,384.909 | 11,370.109 | 0.391 | 14.748 |
| 1 kB | rcp auto | 652.649 | 524.364 | 0.735 | 128.234 |
| 1 kB | rcp 8 | 3,986.129 | 3,776.127 | 0.537 | 209.972 |
| 1 kB | rcp 32 | 1,080.197 | 907.228 | 0.697 | 172.919 |
| 1 kB | rcp 128 | 754.368 | 585.699 | 0.772 | 168.615 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 8 ranks | 7,809.408 | 7,611.341 | 0.276 | 198.042 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 32 ranks | 2,099.496 | 1,994.280 | 0.278 | 105.190 |
| 1 kB | cp · scripted ×10 | 3,639.967 | 3,528.235 | 0.308 | 111.696 |
| 1 kB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 5,905.308 | 5,697.741 | 0.288 | 207.538 |
Local NFS timing breakdown
| Fileset / scope | Recipe | Copy + sync + validation (s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 GB | rcp auto | 1,019.511 |
| 1 GB | rcp 8 | 1,018.792 |
| 1 GB | rcp 32 | 1,117.528 |
| 1 GB | rcp 128 | 1,072.373 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 8 ranks | 940.332 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 32 ranks | 973.986 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 128 ranks | 1,067.756 |
| 1 GB | cp | 2,021.769 |
| 1 GB | cp · scripted ×10 | 1,023.862 |
| 1 GB | rsync | 1,621.953 |
| 1 GB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 1,035.579 |
| 100 MB | rcp auto | 812.944 |
| 100 MB | rcp 8 | 850.940 |
| 100 MB | rcp 32 | 845.835 |
| 100 MB | rcp 128 | 881.963 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 991.940 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 935.279 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 128 ranks | 1,066.514 |
| 100 MB | cp | 2,336.836 |
| 100 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 877.078 |
| 100 MB | rsync | 1,605.645 |
| 100 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 869.105 |
| 1 MB | rcp auto | 1,293.683 |
| 1 MB | rcp 8 | 2,127.135 |
| 1 MB | rcp 32 | 1,297.922 |
| 1 MB | rcp 128 | 1,195.609 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 2,722.906 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 1,582.541 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 128 ranks | 1,387.224 |
| 1 MB | cp | 12,510.311 |
| 1 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 2,285.324 |
| 1 MB | rsync | 12,086.272 |
| 1 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 2,468.109 |
| 1 kB | rcp auto | 6,925.792 |
| 1 kB | rcp 8 | 11,993.595 |
| 1 kB | rcp 32 | 6,931.443 |
| 1 kB | rcp 128 | 5,128.752 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 8 ranks | 16,880.323 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 32 ranks | 8,873.998 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 128 ranks | 5,976.830 |
| 1 kB | cp · scripted ×10 | 12,923.120 |
| 1 kB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 16,360.958 |
Local XFS timing breakdown
| Fileset / scope | Recipe | Copy + sync + validation (s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 GB | rcp auto | 0.235 |
| 1 GB | rcp 8 | 0.213 |
| 1 GB | rcp 32 | 0.241 |
| 1 GB | rcp 128 | 0.253 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 8 ranks | 312.694 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 32 ranks | 302.226 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 128 ranks | 314.448 |
| 1 GB | cp | 0.144 |
| 1 GB | cp · scripted ×10 | 0.129 |
| 1 GB | rsync | 684.238 |
| 1 GB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 322.738 |
| 100 MB | rcp auto | 0.445 |
| 100 MB | rcp 8 | 0.397 |
| 100 MB | rcp 32 | 0.437 |
| 100 MB | rcp 128 | 0.452 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 353.160 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 346.166 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 128 ranks | 370.597 |
| 100 MB | cp | 0.370 |
| 100 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 0.174 |
| 100 MB | rsync | 735.896 |
| 100 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 355.103 |
| 1 MB | rcp auto | 23.232 |
| 1 MB | rcp 8 | 21.599 |
| 1 MB | rcp 32 | 23.484 |
| 1 MB | rcp 128 | 23.981 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 400.123 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 382.978 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 128 ranks | 423.269 |
| 1 MB | cp | 26.104 |
| 1 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 5.058 |
| 1 MB | rsync | 909.726 |
| 1 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 486.094 |
| 1 kB | rcp auto | 238.670 |
| 1 kB | rcp 8 | 227.418 |
| 1 kB | rcp 32 | 237.805 |
| 1 kB | rcp 128 | 242.351 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 8 ranks | 204.195 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 32 ranks | 94.239 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 128 ranks | 238.821 |
| 1 kB | cp | 276.061 |
| 1 kB | cp · scripted ×10 | 51.050 |
| 1 kB | rsync | 566.656 |
| 1 kB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 199.498 |
Local ZFS timing breakdown
| Fileset / scope | Recipe | Copy + sync + validation (s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 GB | rcp auto | 1.075 |
| 1 GB | rcp 8 | 3.325 |
| 1 GB | rcp 32 | 16.192 |
| 1 GB | rcp 128 | 11.126 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 8 ranks | 838.484 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 32 ranks | 728.731 |
| 1 GB | dcp · 128 ranks | 703.821 |
| 1 GB | cp | 24.395 |
| 1 GB | cp · scripted ×10 | 4.023 |
| 1 GB | rsync | 1,329.705 |
| 1 GB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 806.090 |
| 100 MB | rcp auto | 1.394 |
| 100 MB | rcp 8 | 4.101 |
| 100 MB | rcp 32 | 3.976 |
| 100 MB | rcp 128 | 3.275 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 818.512 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 758.981 |
| 100 MB | dcp · 128 ranks | 731.901 |
| 100 MB | cp | 25.214 |
| 100 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 4.469 |
| 100 MB | rsync | 1,331.283 |
| 100 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 813.520 |
| 1 MB | rcp auto | 68.502 |
| 1 MB | rcp 8 | 66.211 |
| 1 MB | rcp 32 | 65.946 |
| 1 MB | rcp 128 | 67.126 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 8 ranks | 823.282 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 32 ranks | 733.117 |
| 1 MB | dcp · 128 ranks | 707.230 |
| 1 MB | cp | 104.399 |
| 1 MB | cp · scripted ×10 | 60.053 |
| 1 MB | rsync | 3,657.038 |
| 1 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 691.495 |
| 1 kB | rcp auto | 372.777 |
| 1 kB | rcp 8 | 274.341 |
| 1 kB | rcp 32 | 336.950 |
| 1 kB | rcp 128 | 362.977 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 8 ranks | 157.357 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 32 ranks | 109.847 |
| 1 kB | dcp · 128 ranks | 168.138 |
| 1 kB | cp | 424.480 |
| 1 kB | cp · scripted ×10 | 100.794 |
| 1 kB | rsync | 6,138.945 |
| 1 kB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 114.361 |
Remote XFS timing breakdown
| Fileset / scope | Recipe | Copy + sync + validation (s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 GB | rcp auto | 277.356 |
| 1 GB | rcp 8 | 301.127 |
| 1 GB | rcp 32 | 277.464 |
| 1 GB | rcp 128 | 275.840 |
| 1 GB | rsync | 1,793.585 |
| 1 GB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 277.818 |
| 100 MB | rcp auto | 283.992 |
| 100 MB | rcp 8 | 329.175 |
| 100 MB | rcp 32 | 284.307 |
| 100 MB | rcp 128 | 282.874 |
| 100 MB | rsync | 1,836.808 |
| 100 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 284.396 |
| 1 MB | rcp auto | 290.519 |
| 1 MB | rcp 8 | 427.544 |
| 1 MB | rcp 32 | 289.811 |
| 1 MB | rcp 128 | 294.321 |
| 1 MB | rsync | 1,943.869 |
| 1 MB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 298.797 |
| 1 kB | rcp auto | 376.859 |
| 1 kB | rcp 8 | 322.529 |
| 1 kB | rcp 32 | 388.206 |
| 1 kB | rcp 128 | 412.852 |
| 1 kB | rsync | 547.001 |
| 1 kB | rsync · scripted ×10 | 94.629 |
Linux source timing breakdown
| Fileset / scope | Recipe | Copy + sync + validation (s) |
|---|---|---|
| Local | rcp auto | 2.859 |
| Local | dcp · 32 ranks | 3.332 |
| Local | cp | 2.738 |
| Local | rsync | 7.838 |
| Remote | rcp auto | 8.001 |
| Remote | rsync | 10.870 |
Remote rcp role measurements
Generated remote rcp copies also recorded separate --summary measurements for the master, source
daemon, and destination daemon. Each cell is mean [minimum–maximum] over three repetitions.
Total CPU is the role’s recorded user + system time. Memory is that role’s per-process peak; the
peaks are not added across roles. The ≈ prefix identifies RSS recovered from rounded human-readable
summaries. These measurements are unavailable for the Linux source copies and for rsync. They must
not be compared with the master-only GNU-time figures as if their scopes were the same.
Remote roles: 1 GB files
| Recipe | Role | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.3 [9.2–9.4] |
| rcp auto | source | 573.660 [572.690–575.220] | ≈184.0 [182.2–186.5] |
| rcp auto | destination | 1,430.040 [1,336.850–1,484.710] | ≈173.8 [172.8–175.0] |
| rcp 8 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.9 [9.3–11.1] |
| rcp 8 | source | 587.697 [572.470–607.250] | ≈50.6 [49.5–52.5] |
| rcp 8 | destination | 916.437 [729.350–1,272.120] | ≈50.8 [48.3–52.8] |
| rcp 32 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.2 [9.1–9.3] |
| rcp 32 | source | 572.917 [571.700–574.110] | ≈177.7 [169.5–183.0] |
| rcp 32 | destination | 1,427.780 [1,368.260–1,511.110] | ≈182.9 [167.3–193.6] |
| rcp 128 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.1 [9.1–9.2] |
| rcp 128 | source | 653.710 [651.520–655.680] | ≈672.0 [658.8–682.7] |
| rcp 128 | destination | 1,697.630 [1,346.240–1,875.780] | ≈675.3 [668.6–686.1] |
Remote roles: 100 MB files
| Recipe | Role | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.9 [9.2–11.3] |
| rcp auto | source | 604.113 [603.080–606.150] | ≈178.9 [174.1–186.1] |
| rcp auto | destination | 1,684.877 [1,530.520–1,986.700] | ≈185.0 [182.5–189.3] |
| rcp 8 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.3 [9.2–9.4] |
| rcp 8 | source | 601.753 [589.090–623.400] | ≈53.9 [51.5–55.7] |
| rcp 8 | destination | 1,231.477 [853.100–1,436.070] | ≈56.2 [53.8–57.6] |
| rcp 32 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.3 [9.2–9.4] |
| rcp 32 | source | 602.763 [599.640–606.420] | ≈178.8 [172.6–187.1] |
| rcp 32 | destination | 1,941.757 [1,475.700–2,366.070] | ≈181.3 [178.3–183.0] |
| rcp 128 | master | 0.003 [0.000–0.010] | ≈9.2 [9.1–9.3] |
| rcp 128 | source | 692.960 [689.320–695.000] | ≈687.7 [668.8–698.6] |
| rcp 128 | destination | 1,814.267 [1,811.000–1,818.350] | ≈669.6 [650.8–694.6] |
Remote roles: 1 MB files
| Recipe | Role | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.2 [9.1–9.4] |
| rcp auto | source | 3,518.690 [3,499.410–3,543.240] | ≈82.7 [80.8–84.5] |
| rcp auto | destination | 4,321.747 [3,453.660–4,857.800] | ≈68.0 [67.5–69.0] |
| rcp 8 | master | 0.003 [0.000–0.010] | ≈9.2 [9.1–9.4] |
| rcp 8 | source | 2,074.667 [2,040.050–2,096.800] | ≈27.6 [26.5–28.6] |
| rcp 8 | destination | 1,413.420 [1,265.990–1,703.620] | ≈23.8 [23.1–24.4] |
| rcp 32 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.1 [9.1–9.2] |
| rcp 32 | source | 3,348.797 [3,275.890–3,400.730] | ≈81.6 [81.3–82.2] |
| rcp 32 | destination | 5,233.993 [4,815.630–5,558.090] | ≈67.5 [67.1–68.0] |
| rcp 128 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.3 [9.3–9.4] |
| rcp 128 | source | 3,577.880 [3,494.600–3,669.220] | ≈247.3 [243.8–251.8] |
| rcp 128 | destination | 5,914.690 [5,738.180–6,117.270] | ≈226.8 [219.8–239.7] |
Remote roles: 1 kB files
| Recipe | Role | CPU time (s) | Peak RSS (MiB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rcp auto | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.9 [9.1–11.4] |
| rcp auto | source | 7,855.703 [7,311.180–8,203.840] | ≈24.9 [22.2–28.7] |
| rcp auto | destination | 1,112.430 [1,051.190–1,169.540] | ≈14.9 [13.6–17.3] |
| rcp 8 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.2 [9.1–9.3] |
| rcp 8 | source | 2,696.603 [2,529.800–2,849.060] | ≈14.7 [13.9–16.0] |
| rcp 8 | destination | 924.230 [912.640–932.270] | ≈10.1 [10.0–10.1] |
| rcp 32 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.2 [9.1–9.3] |
| rcp 32 | source | 8,321.520 [8,193.100–8,524.380] | ≈23.4 [22.2–24.1] |
| rcp 32 | destination | 1,080.257 [1,058.040–1,093.690] | ≈14.9 [14.8–15.2] |
| rcp 128 | master | 0.000 [0.000–0.000] | ≈9.3 [9.2–9.4] |
| rcp 128 | source | 9,118.840 [8,837.620–9,431.550] | ≈60.2 [59.5–61.0] |
| rcp 128 | destination | 1,096.700 [1,095.760–1,098.300] | ≈19.5 [17.9–20.5] |
Other recorded evidence
The original packet also retains GNU-time logs with major and minor page faults, voluntary and involuntary context switches, CPU utilization, and filesystem input/output counters. They have the same local accounting limitations. Some GNU-time fields, including socket-message and swap counters, are unmaintained on Linux; their printed zeros are not evidence of zero activity. See the Linux resource-accounting documentation.
The packet retains source/destination file counts and apparent byte counts, exit status, command logs, environment and cache-preparation evidence, and timestamps for provenance. It does not provide validated whole-job memory, physical byte traffic, or per-copy content hashes. The report’s limitations apply throughout.